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Can You Say HMB of the Fat Loss World?
Listen, green tea has MANY benefits...It's an awesome antioxidant and is rightfully a staple in many intelligent lifters arsenals...
And, yes, some science suggests it boosts metabolism...but let's be honest, it's not gonna get you ripped...
My grandmother's been drinking it every day for decades and I'm pretty sure she doesn't have a six-pack...
And synephrine...don't even get me started with that...
...It wasn't effective when it was initially touted as "the next ephedra" ...and it's not effective now - despite it blindly being included in pretty much every formula out there...
After establishing Recreate as a top-notch low-stim fat burner, we set out to develop a stim-based fat burner that, well, actually burned fat!*
...I'm proud to say we've hit paydirt...
Introducing a burner so laser-targeted, it's been coined the "Super Thermogenic™" by researchers familiar with its effectiveness...
It's called OxyELITE Pro™ and it's here to get you absolutely shredded...*
USPLabs OxyELITE PRO
Its potency is unmatched & its ability to deliver is flat-out staggering...
Why Is The Last Place To Lose Fat, The First Place To Gain Fat?
It just doesn't seem fair, but unfortunately it's true...
...It may be your stomach, your love handles or even your man boobs...
Fat sticks to these areas like super glue and hangs on for dear life...
So why does this happen?
Your BodyFat is Being Held Hostage
It's called the Alpha-2 receptor - And, if fat loss is your goal - it's your absolute worst enemy...
If the Alpha-2 receptor wants you to store fat, you're going to store fat - and lots of it - in the worst possible places ...
The alpha-2 receptor is responsible for inhibiting lipolysis - which basically means it allows the body to store fat AND prevents the body from burning fat...
In other words, the Alpha-2 receptor is holding your fat hostage & refusing to let go!
When it's activated, these areas are in "lock-down" - unable to burn fat and storing it like a bear preparing for hibernation...
Full-Fledged Thermogenesis
Luckily, this is where OxyELITE Pro™ shines...
By utilizing a compound that helps reduce the effectiveness the Alpha-2 receptor, we can use this to our advantage to torch fat quickly & efficiently when used in conjunction with a low-calorie diet and exercise program!*
Think of OxyELITE Pro™ as S.W.A.T - busting down doors and "freeing" your fat cells from their hostage situation...*
So sit back & strap on your seatbelt as this very well may be the most important info you've ever read on fat loss...
The OxyELITE Pro™ lineup...
Rauwolfia Canescens (Rauwolscine)
This particular compound helps reduce the effectiveness of the Alpha-2 receptor!*
It's related to yohimbine, a compound which is often included in various fat loss formulas because of its ability to antagonize alpha 2-adrenoceptors, allowing lipolysis itself, while also allowing lipolysis to continue from beta adrenoceptor agonism as well (11,12).*
Here's the problem: While antagonizing alpha 2-adrenoceptors is great, yohimbine unfortunately also does the same for alpha 1-adrenoceptors - and this can actually hinder lipolysis (13).*
So, on the other hand, while yohimbine helps to support lipolysis by antagonizing alpha 2-adrenoceptors, it may also reduce lipolysis from occurring by antagonizing alpha 1-adrenoceptors...*
Kind of defeats the purpose, huh? It's like robbing Peter to Pay Paul...
The end result is only a mediocre or small effect upon fat loss, or no detectable fat loss at all, which is what has been demonstrated in the literature with yohimbine supplementation (14-17).
Rauwolscine on the other hand, is just as potent at antagonizing alpha 2-adrenoceptors as yohimbine, yet it is 50 times less potent at alpha 1-adrenoceptors (18), making it much less likely to reduce lipolysis by inhibiting alpha 1-adrenoceptor activity when compared to yohimbine.*
Last, beware of those products which contain the hydroxylated derivatives of yohimbine (e.g., 10-OH-yohimbine and 11-OH-yohimbine). They may look different but the truth is that they are no more effective than yohimbine (19).
This is simply a marketing gimmick designed to get the consumer to believe they are getting something truly unique and more effective.
Bauhinia purpurea L (Leaf & Pod [standardized for Bauhiniastatins 1-4])
We all know thyroid hormones play an important role in metabolic rate and healthy thyroid hormone levels can produce significant increases in energy expenditure.
An extract from the plant Bauhinia purpurea has been suggested in healthy adult animal models to support T4 and T3 healthy levels already within normal range! (21)*
Yet another reason that supporting thyroid hormone is so important is because it's known to sensitize or increase the lipolytic effects of adrenergic stimulation (i.e., through compounds such as the geranium and Cirsium oligophyllum extracts, along with caffeine) in fat cells (33).
Bacopa monnieri (Leaf)
This plant has also been suggested in an animal model to naturally support thyroid production. In this case, the plant extract was suggested to support T4 levels (23).*
In this case, however, since there was no increase in T3 seen, the authors suggested that the plant extract directly stimulates the release of T4 from the thyroid gland, as opposed to Bauhinia purpurea, which supported the conversion of T4 to T3.*
By combining the two plant extracts, the goal is to create a situation where your body will release more T4, while at the same time more of this newly released T4 will be converted to the more metabolically active T3.*
This is truly the "best of both worlds" scenario & the end result potentially being a substantial increase in energy expenditure and decreased fat.*
Cirsium Oligophyllum (Whole Plant Extract)
Our use of this plant is based upon an animal study which had suggested that compared to a control group, the extract was able to reduce the gain of bodyweight and fat mass and specifically seemed to target subcutaneous fat mass over that of visceral fat mass with a ratio favoring the reduction of subcutaneous fat mass over that of visceral!(5)*
Pharmacological studies suggested that the active constituent possesses beta adrenoceptor agonist activity and stimulates lipolysis in subcutaneous fat cells.*
Yet another similarity that the Cirsium oligophyllum extract shares with beta adrenoceptor agonists is that it works synergistically with caffeine, producing a more powerful lipolytic effect that far exceeds the effect when used by itself (5).*
In fact, the potency of caffeine & Cirsium Oligophyllum combined was nearly 10 times greater than Cirsium Oligophyllum by itself.
As a final note, Uncoupling Protein-1 expression was up-regulated 1.3 fold, relative to controls in those animals receiving Cirsium Oligophyllum topically; more on this later (5).
Caffeine
Caffeine is often noted for its ability to increase resting energy expenditure, while also increasing lipolysis and lipid oxidation (6-8*)...
In addition, it is noted for its ability to increase feelings of energy, alertness, and concentration (9,10).*
Everyone throws caffeine in their formula...but few know why...we have a specific purpose on why we included it...
...Aside from the benefits that caffeine alone imparts, it can also provide synergistic effects when combined with other ingredients in OxyELITE Pro™...
In particular, the caffeine we have included may increase the effectiveness of the other fat loss agents included in the formula, including our Geranium extract as well as Cirsium oligophyllum.*
...In fact, in the study performed with Cirsium oligophyllum, they found exactly that!
Caffeine was shown to provide support in the effectiveness of the extract at promoting lipolysis in subcutaneous fat cells (5*)...
Geranium [Stems] (extracted for 1,3-Dimethylamylamine)
Geranium has been used for centuries as a food additive and part of certain cultures regular diets. One constitute of geranium is this compound - a sympathomimetic, aliphatic amine with indirect (i.e., by increasing norepinephrine levels) and/or direct activity at alpha and beta-adrenoceptors (1-3).
This compound's influence upon the sympathetic nervous system (SAS) and norepinephrine levels is something very important to consider as the SAS and norepinephrine are considered to play important roles when it comes to influencing metabolic rate and especially the rate at which we burn calories while at rest (4).
What does this all of this mean? It means this compound can potentially help provide the stimulation needed for better workouts (i.e., a feeling of more energy and focus), while also directly stimulating the use of fat as fuel in your body.*
The Final Frontier - The Incredible Fat Loss Pathway Science Had All But Given Up On
Consider this the icing on the cake...the 10th Ring for Phil Jackson...the next Billion Bill Gates makes...
Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT)
So, I'm sure we've all heard of this before, right?
It's often referred to as BAT, or simply as brown fat. It's very metabolically active and uses fat as fuel in order to produce heat. Pretty cool stuff, right?
Unfortunately, we were under the assumption we really only have significant amounts of brown fat when we're babies...
So, that's the end of the story, right? Well, very recently, the answer has become a solid, but surprising, no.
As it turns out, we fell into that trap often referred to as dogmatic thinking. If we're told something enough times and no one challenges it, we believe it...
Very recently, scientific studies have begun to call into question the notion adult humans lack BAT and that it has no potential to play any significant physiological role (24-29).
So, without any more procrastination, let's delve into the most recent findings:
* A recent study suggested that up to 96% of subjects evaluated have detectable levels of BAT! (24,25).
* It has been suggested that those that are overweight have lower BAT activity than those that are lean, something that isn't entirely a coincidence as having more BAT can potentially mean expending more calories and thus maintaining a lower weight (25).
* It has been estimated that more than half of all men and women likely have at least 10 grams of BAT in their body (26).
* BAT is so metabolically active that as little as 50 grams of BAT could potentially account for up to 20% of total daily energy expenditure of an adult human when maximally stimulated (25,26).
Imagine how much of a difference that can make on how you look...
Ok, How Do We Recruit BAT?
The problem however is recruiting BAT and activating what little we have in the first place...
While exposure to cold is one method, it isn't exactly feasible to expose yourself to cold every day of the week...
...And aside from that, it has been pointed out that various environmental changes for modern humans such as insulated buildings, clothing advances and heated transport systems have all reduced the need for thermogenesis via BAT and thus the amount of activated BAT has decreasedas well...
But all hope is not lost...
The other method is via sympathetic stimulation or in other words, by using direct and indirect-acting sympathomimetics (25,28).
Where OxyELITE Pro™ Goes From All-Time Great to First Ballot Hall of Fame
First, it's important to understand how BAT provides such benefits...
Now, normal white adipose tissue or WAT (i.e., the stuff around your organs and smothering your muscles) is generally there to accept extra energy from calories ingested and accepts them for storage as triglycerides (fat).
We need this to insulate us from the cold and protect our internal organs. BAT, on the other hand doesn't store extra energy as it instead dissipates this extra energy in the form of heat.
As you can see on the left, Brown Fat is much more "active" & thus can create much greater heat production (i.e burning fat for energy) than White Fat.
How does it do this? A major factor is a protein called uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1).
Protein Uncoupling
This protein is able to uncouple oxidative phosphorylation, allowing the energy from foodstuffs that we consume to be released as heat (burned) instead of stored as fat (25,28,29).
Have you ever had one of those very lean friends that always complains about being, "hot" all of the time, even when it's the dead of winter?
These are the same friends that seem to eat nothing but junk food, yet still manage to stay lean all the time!
Well, BAT and UCP-1 activity may, in fact, be part of the reason!
So, plants or compounds that up-regulate the expression of UCPs, such as this plant, may help with fat loss in this way.
How OxyELITE Pro™ Attacks BAT
First, Geranium extract has sympathomimetic properties & this makes it a great candidate for increasing UCP-1 expression and recruiting or regaining BAT so that we may use it once again.*
Secondly, Cirsium oligophyllum has beta adrenoceptor agonist activity and, as would be expected, has actually been suggested to increase UCP-1 activity in BAT of an animal model (5).
Third, caffeine has been suggested to increase norepinephrine.
This increased norepinephrine again contributes to increasing UCP-1 activity in BAT, unfortunately, it also ends up activating alpha 2-adrenoceptors...
...And by doing this, it actually inhibits some of the potential lipolytic and thermogenic activity of norepinephrine by inhibiting adenylyl cyclase (i.e., the enzyme which allows for cyclic adenosine monophosphate or cAMP formation and what ultimately leads to lipolysis) activity (25,28).
This is where rauwolscine comes in to play as it is an alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist. It prevents this inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and thus can potentially lead to a further increase in cAMP, lipolysis and thermogenesis via UCP-1...*
Again, this is where rauwolscine differs from yohimbine...
You see, the alpha 1-adrenoceptor is also activated by norepinephrine and it also contributes to increased UCP-1 activity and subsequent thermogenesis (28,29,31,32).
At least one partial mechanism for how the alpha 1-adrenoceptor exerts such an effect is by supporting the conversion of T4 to T3 within BAT, which in turn increases UCP-1 expression.
...So, although yohimbine has some beneficial effect upon fat loss, it's this blocking of activity at the alpha 1-adrenoceptor that becomes its downfall. Rauwolscine is 50 times less potent at antagonizing the alpha 1-adrenoceptor and thus makes a much better agent to use for fat loss.*
Last, but certainly not least, we still have both of our plant extracts designed to increase the release of T4 (Bacopa monnieri) and support the conversion of T4 to T3 (Bauhinia purpurea).*
As we just mentioned, T3 plays a very important role in UCP-1 expression so if we can elevate levels further, it is beneficial for a number of reasons...
...Of course, the fact that T3 can up-regulate beta adrenoceptor expression while down-regulating alpha 2-adrenoceptor expression, all while inhibiting phosphodiesterase (i.e., an enzyme that breaks down cAMP) activity further adds to increase or potentiate the effectiveness of the other ingredients (33).*
References
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18. Perry BD, U'Prichard DC. [3H]rauwolscine (alpha-yohimbine): a specific antagonist radioligand for brain alpha 2-adrenergic receptors. Eur J Pharmacol. 1981 Dec 17;76(4):461-464
19. Berlan M, Le Verge R, Galitzky J, et al. Alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist potencies of two hydroxylated metabolites of yohimbine. Br J Pharmacol. 1993 Apr;108(4):927-932
20. Kronenberg HM, Melmed S, Polonsky KS, Larsen PR.: Williams Textbook of Endocrinology, 11th ed., Saunders Elsevier, Philadelpha, PA, 2008.
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22. Jatwa R, Kar A. Amelioration of metformin-induced hypothyroidism by Withania somnifera and Bauhinia purpurea extracts in Type 2 diabetic mice. Phytother Res. 2009 Aug;23(8):1140-1145
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